Investigating the Function of Play Bows in Dog and Wolf Puppies (Canis lupus familiaris, Canis lupus occidentalis)

Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Sarah-Elizabeth Byosiere ,

* E-mail: sarahbyo@umich.edu

Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
⨯
Julia Espinosa,

Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
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Sarah Marshall-Pescini,

Affiliations Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, Wolf Science Centre, Ernstbrunn, Austria
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Barbara Smuts,

Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States of America
⨯
Friederike Range

Affiliations Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, Wolf Science Centre, Ernstbrunn, Austria
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Animal behavior
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Dogs
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Wolves
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Animal communication
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Visual signals
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Acoustic signals
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Farms
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Wildlife
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