Sixteen Years of Bt Maize in the EU Hotspot: Why Has Resistance Not Evolved?

Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Pedro Castañera,

Affiliation Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Gema P. Farinós,

Affiliation Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Félix Ortego,

Affiliation Department of Environmental Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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David A. Andow

* E-mail: dandow@umn.edu

Affiliation Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, 219 Hodson Hall, 1980 Folwell Ave., Saint Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States of America
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Maize
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Spain
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Toxins
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Larvae
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Cereal crops
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European Union
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Pest control
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Evolutionary rate
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