Play Behavior in Wolves: Using the ‘50:50’ Rule to Test for Egalitarian Play Styles

• Jennifer L. Essler ,

  * E-mail: jennifer.essler@vetmeduni.ac.at

  Affiliations Wolf Science Center, Ernstbrunn, Austria, Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

  http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5091-6496

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• Simona Cafazzo,

  Affiliation Wolf Science Center, Ernstbrunn, Austria

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• Sarah Marshall-Pescini,

  Affiliations Wolf Science Center, Ernstbrunn, Austria, Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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• Zsófia Virányi,

  Affiliations Wolf Science Center, Ernstbrunn, Austria, Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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• Kurt Kotrschal,

  Affiliations Wolf Science Center, Ernstbrunn, Austria, Department of Behavioral Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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• Friederike Range

  Affiliations Wolf Science Center, Ernstbrunn, Austria, Comparative Cognition, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

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