Effects of Airgun Sounds on Bowhead Whale Calling Rates: Evidence for Two Behavioral Thresholds

• Susanna B. Blackwell ,

  * E-mail: susanna@greeneridge.com

  Affiliation Greeneridge Sciences, Inc., Santa Barbara, California, United States of America

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• Christopher S. Nations,

  Affiliation Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc., Cheyenne, Wyoming, United States of America

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• Trent L. McDonald,

  Affiliation Western EcoSystems Technology, Inc., Cheyenne, Wyoming, United States of America

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• Aaron M. Thode,

  Affiliation Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, United States of America

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• Delphine Mathias,

  Current Address: Société d’Observation Multi-Modale de L’Environnement (SOMME), Brest, France

  Affiliation Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, California, United States of America

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• Katherine H. Kim,

  Affiliation Greeneridge Sciences, Inc., Santa Barbara, California, United States of America

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• Charles R. Greene Jr,

  Affiliation Greeneridge Sciences, Inc., Santa Barbara, California, United States of America

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• A. Michael Macrander

  Affiliation Shell Exploration & Production Company, Anchorage, Alaska, United States of America

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