Comparative Skull Analysis Suggests Species-Specific Captivity-Related Malformation in Lions (Panthera leo)

• Joseph Saragusty ,

  * E-mail: saragusty@izw-berlin.de

  Affiliation Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany

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• Anat Shavit-Meyrav,

  Affiliation Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel

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• Nobuyuki Yamaguchi,

  Current address: Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar

  Affiliation Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Tubney, Abingdon, United Kingdom

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• Rona Nadler,

  Affiliation Zoological Center Tel Aviv-Ramat Gan, Ramat Gan, Israel

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• Tali Bdolah-Abram,

  Affiliation Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel

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• Laura Gibeon,

  Affiliation NYC Veterinary Specialists, New York, New York, United States of America

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• Thomas B. Hildebrandt,

  Affiliation Department of Reproduction Management, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany

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• Merav H. Shamir

  Affiliation Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel

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