African Elephant Alarm Calls Distinguish between Threats from Humans and Bees

Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Joseph Soltis ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Joseph Soltis, Lucy E. King

* E-mail: joseph.soltis@disney.com

Affiliation Education and Science Department, Disney’s Animal Kingdom, Lake Buena Vista, Florida, United States of America
⨯
Lucy E. King ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Joseph Soltis, Lucy E. King

Affiliations Save the Elephants, Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
⨯
Iain Douglas-Hamilton,

Affiliations Save the Elephants, Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Fritz Vollrath,

Affiliations Save the Elephants, Nairobi, Kenya, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Anne Savage

Affiliation Conservation Department, Disney’s Animal Kingdom, Lake Buena Vista, Florida, United States of America
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Elephants
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Bees
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Acoustics
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Vocalization
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White noise
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Animal flight
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Insect flight
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