Characterisation and Carriage Ratio of Clostridium difficile Strains Isolated from a Community-Dwelling Elderly Population in the United Kingdom

• Fabio Miyajima ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Fabio Miyajima, Paul Roberts

  Affiliations National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Department of Pharmacology, The Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

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• Paul Roberts ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Fabio Miyajima, Paul Roberts

  Affiliations National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Directorate of Infection and Immunity, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom

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• Andrew Swale,

  Affiliations National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Department of Pharmacology, The Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

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• Valerie Price,

  Affiliations National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Directorate of Infection and Immunity, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom

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• Maureen Jones,

  Affiliation Neurodegeneration Research Group, School of Community-Based Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

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• Michael Horan,

  Affiliation Neurodegeneration Research Group, School of Community-Based Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

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• Nicholas Beeching,

  Affiliations National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Clinical Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

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• Jonathan Brazier,

  Affiliation Anaerobe Reference Unit, Public Health Laboratory, University Hospital Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom

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• Christopher Parry,

  Affiliations National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Division of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand

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• Neil Pendleton,

  Affiliation Neurodegeneration Research Group, School of Community-Based Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

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• Munir Pirmohamed

  * E-mail: munirp@liv.ac.uk

  Affiliations National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre, Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom, Department of Pharmacology, The Wolfson Centre for Personalised Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom

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