Tobacco Smoke Mediated Induction of Sinonasal Microbial Biofilms

• Natalia Goldstein-Daruech,

  Affiliations Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, PhD Program Medical Science, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencia, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile

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• Emily K. Cope,

  Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

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• Ke-Qing Zhao,

  Affiliations Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital, School of Shanghai Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China

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• Katarina Vukovic,

  Affiliation Department of Otorhonolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Centre, Zagreb, Croatia

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• Jennifer M. Kofonow,

  Affiliation Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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• Laurel Doghramji,

  Affiliation Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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• Bernardo González,

  Affiliation Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencia, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile

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• Alexander G. Chiu,

  Affiliation Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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• David W. Kennedy,

  Affiliation Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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• James N. Palmer,

  Affiliation Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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• Jeffery G. Leid,

  Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

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• James L. Kreindler,

  Affiliation Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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• Noam A. Cohen

  * E-mail: cohenn@uphs.upenn.edu

  Affiliations Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Surgical Services, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

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