About the Authors

Temesgen Ashine

Contributed equally to this work with: Temesgen Ashine, Yehenew Asmamaw Ebstie, Rayyan Ibrahim, Adrienne Epstein

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Malaria and NTD Research Division, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia

Yehenew Asmamaw Ebstie

Contributed equally to this work with: Temesgen Ashine, Yehenew Asmamaw Ebstie, Rayyan Ibrahim, Adrienne Epstein

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Malaria and NTD Research Division, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Rayyan Ibrahim

Contributed equally to this work with: Temesgen Ashine, Yehenew Asmamaw Ebstie, Rayyan Ibrahim, Adrienne Epstein

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan

Adrienne Epstein

Contributed equally to this work with: Temesgen Ashine, Yehenew Asmamaw Ebstie, Rayyan Ibrahim, Adrienne Epstein

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

John Bradley

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

Mujahid Nouredayem

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Mikiyas G. Michael

Roles Data curation, Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Malaria and NTD Research Division, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Amani Sidiahmed

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan

Nigatu Negash

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Malaria and NTD Research Division, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abena Kochora

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Malaria and NTD Research Division, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Jihad Eltaher Sulieman

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Sennar Malaria Research and Training Centre (SMART Centre), Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan

Alison M. Reynolds

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Eba Alemayehu

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Tropical and Infectious Disease Research Centre, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia

Endalew Zemene

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Tropical and Infectious Disease Research Centre, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia

Adane Eyasu

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Tropical and Infectious Disease Research Centre, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia

Alemayehu Dagne

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Tropical and Infectious Disease Research Centre, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia

Elifaged Hailemeskel

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Malaria and NTD Research Division, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Fatou Jaiteh

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Unit of Socio-Ecological Health Research, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium

Dereje Geleta

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia

Ephrem Lejore

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia

David Weetman

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Ahmed Mahmoud Hussien

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Primary Health Care General Directorate, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan

Fadwa Saad

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Primary Health Care General Directorate, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan

Gudissa Assefa

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Disease Prevention and Control Directorate, Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Hiwot Solomon

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Disease Prevention and Control Directorate, Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abdelgadir Bashir

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan

Fekadu Massebo

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia

Koen Peeters

Roles Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Unit of Socio-Ecological Health Research, Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerpen, Belgium

Delenasaw Yewhalaw

Roles Funding acquisition, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Tropical and Infectious Disease Research Centre, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia

Hmooda Toto Kafy

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Directorate General of Global Health, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan

Martin J. Donnelly

Roles Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Endalamaw Gadisa

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Malaria and NTD Research Division, Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Elfatih M. Malik

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan

Anne L. Wilson

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

anne.wilson@lstmed.ac.uk

Affiliation Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.