About the Authors

Nils Patrick Kollmann

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Helios IT Service GmbH, Berlin, Germany

Benedikt Langenberger

Roles Writing – review & editing

langenberger@tu-berlin.de

Affiliation Department of Health Care Management, Berlin University of Technology, Berlin, Germany

Reinhard Busse

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Health Care Management, Berlin University of Technology, Berlin, Germany

Christoph Pross

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Health Care Management, Berlin University of Technology, Berlin, Germany

Competing Interests

Nils Kollmann has a fulltime position with Helios IT Service GmbH, internal service provider for the development and implementation of digitization projects for Helios Health as Europe’s leading private hospital operator, as Consultant for Hospital Information Systems (HIS). Among other, Prof. Dr. Reinhard Busse has received research funding from the German Healthcare Innovation Fund for the “PROMoting Quality” project. Among other, Dr. Christoph Pross has received research funding from the German Research Foundation for the project “Quality of Care Transparency”. Next to his parttime research position at TU Berlin, Dr. Christoph Pross has a fulltime position with Stryker, a global medical technology company, as Director for Market Access, Health Economics and Government Affairs.