About the Authors

David M. Markowitz

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

dmm@msu.edu

Affiliation Department of Communication, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America

Timothy R. Levine

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Communication Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America

Kim B. Serota

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Management and Marketing, School of Business Administration, Oakland University, Oakland, MI, United States of America

Alivia D. Moore

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Communication, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.