About the Authors

Jaclyn M. Martindale

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

jmartind@wakehealth.edu

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America

Harini Sarva

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases Weill Cornell Medicine, Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Institute, New York, NY, United States of America

Davide Martino

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Donald L. Gilbert

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America

Christos Ganos

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Tamara Pringsheim

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Kevin Black

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Radiology, and Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States of America

Irene A. Malaty

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States of America

all on behalf of the Movement Disorder Society Tic and Tourette Study Group

Membership of the Movement Disorder Society Tic and Tourette Study Group is provided in the Acknowledgments.

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: JMM has no conflicts that affect the content of this manuscript. In the past two years, she has received honoraria from the Tourette Association of America. In addition, she participates in research funded by the Tourette Association of America and the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology. HS has no conflicts that affect the content of this manuscript. Dr. Sarva has done consulting work for Neuroderm, Bluerock, Novo Nordisk, and CALA Health. In addition, she has received clinical trial support from Neuroderm, Bluerock, Prevail, Covance, and NIH. IAM has no conflicts that affect the content of this manuscript. She has participated in research funded by AbbVie, Boston Scientific, Eli Lilly, Neuroderm, and Revance but has no ownership interest in any pharmaceutical company. In addition, she has received travel compensation or honoraria from the Tourette Association of America, Parkinson Foundation, Medscape, Efficient CME, and Cleveland Clinic, and royalties for writing a book with Robert Rose publishers. DM has no conflicts that affect the content of this manuscript. In the past two years, he has received personal compensation for consultancies by Roche, Sunovion, and Merz Pharmaceuticals but has no ownership interest in any pharmaceutical company. He has also received travel compensation or honoraria from the Dystonia Medical Research Foundation of Canada, Movement Disorders Society, and the American Academy of Neurology, and book royalties from Springer-Verlag and Oxford University Press. In addition, he received research support from Ipsen Corporate, Owerko Foundation, Dystonia Medical Research Foundation Canada, Parkinson Canada, and the Michael P Smith Family. DLG has received compensation for expert testimony for the U.S. National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program through the Department of Health and Human Services. He has received payment for medical expert opinions through Advanced Medical/Teladoc. He has served as a consultant for Applied Therapeutics, Eumentics Therapeutics, and Emalex. He has received research support from the NIH and the DOD. He has received salary compensation through Cincinnati Children’s for work as a clinical trial site investigator from Emalex (clinical trial, Tourette Syndrome) and EryDel (clinical trial, Ataxia Telangiectasia). He has received book/publication royalties from Elsevier, Wolters Kluwer, and the Massachusetts Medical Society. TP has no commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. TP receives research support from Alberta Health, the Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, and the Public Health Agency of Canada. KJB has no conflicts that affect the content of this manuscript. In the past two years, author KJB consulted for SK Life Science, Inc., served as faculty for CME programs by Medscape and Mededicus, and served as an expert rater for the Huntington Study Group, which had contracted with Neurocrine Biosciences. In addition, his institution received research funding from Emalex Biosciences for treatment studies with ecopipam. CG has no conflicts that affect the content of this manuscript. A Freigeist Fellowship of the Volkswagen Stiftung supports him. He has received honoraria from the Movement Disorder Society and BIAL for educational activities. He received honoraria from Biomarine Pharmaceuticals as Ad Hoc Advisory Board. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.