About the Authors

Janko van Beek

Contributed equally to this work with: Janko van Beek, Gwen Teesing

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

j.h.g.vanbeek@erasmusmc.nl

Affiliation Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Gwen Teesing

Contributed equally to this work with: Janko van Beek, Gwen Teesing

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis

Affiliations Department of Infectious Disease Control, Public Health Service Rotterdam-Rijnmond, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw), The Hague, The Netherlands

Bas B. Oude Munnink

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Abraham Meima

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis

Affiliation Department of Infectious Disease Control, Public Health Service Rotterdam-Rijnmond, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Henrike J. Vriend

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis

Affiliation Department of Infectious Disease Control, Public Health Service Rotterdam-Rijnmond, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Jessica Elzakkers

Roles Visualization

Affiliation Department of Infectious Disease Control, Public Health Service Rotterdam-Rijnmond, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Miranda de Graaf

Roles Formal analysis

Affiliation Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Jeroen Langeveld

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis

Affiliations KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands, Partners4UrbanWater, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

Gert-Jan Medema

Roles Methodology

Affiliations KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands, Sanitary Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands

Richard Molenkamp

Roles Formal analysis

Affiliation Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Helene Voeten

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Infectious Disease Control, Public Health Service Rotterdam-Rijnmond, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Ewout Fanoy

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

‡ EF and MK also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Infectious Disease Control, Public Health Service Rotterdam-Rijnmond, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Marion Koopmans

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

‡ EF and MK also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Outbreak investigation and national genomic surveillance teams

Members of the outbreak investigation and national genomic surveillance teams are listed in the Acknowledgments.

Competing Interests

No competing interests declared. Gwen Teesing became employed at ZonMw after this study was initiated, analysed, reported and that subsidy was granted for this study.