About the Authors

Erica L. Dixon

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Erica.Dixon@pennmedicine.upenn.edu

Affiliations Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America, Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America

Sukanya M. Joshi

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft

Affiliations Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America, Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America, Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America

William Ferrell

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America, Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America

Kevin G. Volpp

Roles Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Center for Health Incentives and Behavioral Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America, Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America, Leonard Davis Institute for Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America

Raina M. Merchant

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America, Penn Medicine Center for Digital Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America, Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America

Sharath Chandra Guntuku

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America, Penn Medicine Center for Digital Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America, Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.