About the Authors

Franck Maunoury

Contributed equally to this work with: Franck Maunoury, Bertrand Drugeon

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

franck.maunoury@statesia.com

Affiliations Statesia, Le Mans, France, University of Le Mans, GAINS, IRA, Le Mans, France

Bertrand Drugeon

Contributed equally to this work with: Franck Maunoury, Bertrand Drugeon

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Emergency Department and Pre-Hospital Care, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France

Matthieu Boisson

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations School of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France, Intensive Care and Peri-Operative Medicine Department, University Hospital of Poitiers, Anesthesia, Poitiers, France

Nicolas Marjanovic

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Emergency Department and Pre-Hospital Care, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France

Raphael Couvreur

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Emergency Department and Pre-Hospital Care, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France

Olivier Mimoz

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Emergency Department and Pre-Hospital Care, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France, INSERM U1070, Pharmacology of anti-infective drugs, Poitiers, France

Jeremy Guenezan

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Emergency Department and Pre-Hospital Care, University Hospital of Poitiers, Poitiers, France, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France, INSERM U1070, Pharmacology of anti-infective drugs, Poitiers, France

on behalf of the CLEAN-3 Study

Membership of the CLEAN-3 Study is provided in the Acknowledgments.

Competing Interests

OM & JG received personal fees from Becton Dickinson, funding for congress attendance, and research funding from Becton Dickinson. MB received personal fees from Becton Dickinson. All other investigators and authors declare no competing interests. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.