About the Authors

Gen Takagi

Contributed equally to this work with: Gen Takagi, Kazuma Sakamoto, Naoto Nihonmatsu, Miki Hagidai

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software

g-takagi@tfu-mail.tfu.ac.jp

Affiliation Faculty of Comprehensive Welfare, Tohoku Fukushi University, Sendai, Japan

Kazuma Sakamoto

Contributed equally to this work with: Gen Takagi, Kazuma Sakamoto, Naoto Nihonmatsu, Miki Hagidai

Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Graduate School of Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

Naoto Nihonmatsu

Contributed equally to this work with: Gen Takagi, Kazuma Sakamoto, Naoto Nihonmatsu, Miki Hagidai

Roles Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Graduate School of Education, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Tokyo, Japan

Miki Hagidai

Contributed equally to this work with: Gen Takagi, Kazuma Sakamoto, Naoto Nihonmatsu, Miki Hagidai

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Child Development, Shibata Gakuen University, Hirosaki, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.