About the Authors

Cyrus Ghaznavi

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan, Medical Education Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Haruka Sakamoto

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan

Lisa Yamasaki

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, School of Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

Shuhei Nomura

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan

Daisuke Yoneoka

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan, Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan, Infectious Disease Surveillance Center at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

Kenji Shibuya

Roles Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research, Tokyo, Japan

Peter Ueda

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

peter.ueda@gmail.com

Affiliations Department of Global Health Policy, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Clinical Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden (PU)

Competing Interests

All authors have completed the Unified Competing Interest form at www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf and declare no support from any organisation for the submitted work; no financial relationships with any organisations that might have an interest in the submitted work in the previous three years, no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work.