About the Authors

AbdulHamid Settenda Lukambagire

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

lukhamid@gmail.com

Affiliations College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College-Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania

Gabriel Mkulima Shirima

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation The Nelson Mandela African Institution for Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania

Damas Davis Shayo

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Regional Health Management Team, Arusha Regional Medical Office, Arusha, Tanzania

Coletha Mathew

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania

Richard B. Yapi

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Centre d’Entomologie Médicale et Vétérinaire Université Alassane Ouattara, Bouaké, Côte d’Ivoire, Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

Christopher Julius Kasanga

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania

Blandina Theophile Mmbaga

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College-Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania, Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

Rudovick Reuben Kazwala

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania

Jo E. B. Halliday

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.