About the Authors

Stephanie A. Kujawski

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Epidemic Intelligence Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, United States of America, Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, United States of America

Michael Whitaker

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, United States of America, Eagle Global Scientific, Atlanta, GA, United States of America

Matthew D. Ritchey

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, United States of America, US Public Health Service, Rockville, MD, United States of America

Arthur L. Reingold

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America

Shua J. Chai

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations US Public Health Service, Rockville, MD, United States of America, California Emerging Infections Program, Oakland, CA, United States of America, Career Epidemiology Field Officer, Center for Preparedness and Response, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States of America

Evan J. Anderson

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States of America, Georgia Emerging Infections Program, Atlanta, GA, United States of America, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, United States of America

Kyle P. Openo

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Georgia Emerging Infections Program, Atlanta, GA, United States of America, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, United States of America, Foundation for Atlanta Veterans Education and Research, Decatur, GA, United States of America

Maya Monroe

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Maryland Department of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America

Patricia Ryan

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Maryland Department of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States of America

Erica Bye

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, United States of America

Kathryn Como-Sabetti

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Minnesota Department of Health, St. Paul, MN, United States of America

Grant R. Barney

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States of America

Alison Muse

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation New York State Department of Health, Albany, NY, United States of America

Nancy M. Bennett

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America

Christina B. Felsen

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America

Ann Thomas

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Public Health Division, Oregon Health Authority, Portland, OR, United States of America

Courtney Crawford

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Public Health Division, Oregon Health Authority, Portland, OR, United States of America

H. Keipp Talbot

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America

William Schaffner

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America

Susan I. Gerber

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, United States of America

Gayle E. Langley

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, United States of America

Lindsay Kim

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

iyn2@cdc.gov

Affiliations Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, United States of America, US Public Health Service, Rockville, MD, United States of America

Competing Interests

I have read the journal’s policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: Evan Anderson reports personal fees from AbbVie, Pfizer and Sanofi Pasteur, and grants from MedImmune, Regeneron, PaxVax, Pfizer, GSK, Merck, Novavax, Sanofi Pasteur, Micron, and Janssen, outside the submitted work. He also serves on the data safety monitoring committee for Kentucky Bioscience. Stephanie Kujawski is currently an employee of Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, USA, and may own stock or hold stock options in the Company.