About the Authors

Renata S. Borba

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft

rsborba1@gmail.com (RSB); steve.pernal@agr.gc.ca (SFP)

Current address: Alberta Beekeepers Commission, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Affiliations Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Beaverlodge Research Farm, Beaverlodge, Alberta, Canada, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Shelley E. Hoover

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada

Robert W. Currie

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Entomology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

Pierre Giovenazzo

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Département de Biologie, faculté des sciences et génie, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada

M. Marta Guarna

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Beaverlodge Research Farm, Beaverlodge, Alberta, Canada

Leonard J. Foster

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Amro Zayed

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Stephen F. Pernal

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft

rsborba1@gmail.com (RSB); steve.pernal@agr.gc.ca (SFP)

Affiliation Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Beaverlodge Research Farm, Beaverlodge, Alberta, Canada

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist