About the Authors

Brooklyn Stanley

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Optimum Patient Care, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore

Andrew Davis

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Optimum Patient Care, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore

Rupert Jones

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Optimum Patient Care, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, United Kingdom

Steven Julious

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom

Dermot Ryan

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

David Jackson

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation UK Severe Asthma Network and National Registry, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Trust and Division of Asthma, Allergy & Lung Biology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom

David Halpin

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University of Exeter Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom

Hilary Pinnock

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Asthma UK Centre for Applied Research, Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Jennifer Quint

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Kamlesh Khunti

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom

Liam Heaney

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation UK Severe Asthma Network and National Registry & Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland

Philip Oliver

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom

Salman Siddiqui

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute for Lung Health, Leicester National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom

Anu Kemppinen

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Optimum Patient Care, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore

Francis Appiagyei

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Optimum Patient Care, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore

Emma-Jane Roberts

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Optimum Patient Care, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore

Antony Hardjojo

Roles Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore

Victoria Carter

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Optimum Patient Care, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore

Marije van Melle

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Optimum Patient Care, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore

David Price

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

dprice@opri.sg

Affiliations Optimum Patient Care, Cambridge, United Kingdom, Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore, Centre of Academic Primary Care, Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom

on behalf of the Platform C19 committee

Membership of the Platform C19 Committee is listed in the Acknowledgments.

Competing Interests

Brooklyn Stanley, Andrew Davis and Anu Kemppinen are employees of Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, which conducted this study and conducted paid research in respiratory disease on behalf of the following other organisations in the past 5 years: Aerocrine, AKL Research and Development Ltd, Almirall, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GlaxoSmithKline, Mylan, Mundipharma, Napp, Novartis, Orion, Takeda, Teva, Zentiva (a Sanofi company). Rupert Jones reports grants, personal fees, and non-financial support from AstraZeneca and OPRI, personal fees and non-financial support from Boehringer Ingelheim, grants, personal fees, and non-financial support from GSK, grants and non-financial support from Novartis, non-financial support from Nutricia, and personal fees from Pfizer outside the submitted work. Steven Julious reports no conflict of interest. Dermot Ryan has (in the last 3 years) lectured on behalf of, received sponsorship from, or acted as a paid advisor to Mylan, AZ, Chiesi, Novartis, GSK, Boehringer Ingelheim and Regeneron. David Jackson has received advisory board and speaker fees from AstraZeneca, GSK, BI, Teva, Napp, Chiesi, Novartis and research grant funding from AstraZeneca. David Halpin has received sponsorship to attend international meetings, and honoraria for lecturing, attending advisory boards and preparing educational materials from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GSK, Novartis and Pfizer. Jennifer Quint reports grants from MRC, grants from The Health Foundation, grants and personal fees from AZ, grants from Bayer, grants and personal fees from Chiesi, grants and personal fees from GSK, grants and personal fees from BI, outside the submitted work. Kamlesh Khunti has been a consultant and speaker for Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis, Lilly, and Merck Sharp & Dohme; has received grants in support of investigator-initiated trials from Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi-Aventis, Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Pfizer, and Boehringer Ingelheim; has served on advisory boards for Novo Nordisk, Sanofi Aventis, Lilly, and Merck Sharp & Dohme; and is supported by the UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Applied Research Collaboration East Midlands and the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre. Liam Heaney is an Academic Lead for the UK MRC Consortium for Stratified Medicine in Severe Asthma – Industrial Pharma partners Amgen, AstraZeneca, MedImmune, Janssen, Novartis, Roche/Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, and Boehringer Ingelheim; prior project grant funding from MedImmune, Novartis UK, Roche/Genentech, and GlaxoSmithKline; has taken part in Advisory Boards / Lectures supported by Novartis, Roche/Evelo Biosciences, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Teva, Theravance and Vectura; has travel funding support to international respiratory meetings (AstraZeneca, Chiesi, Novartis, Boehringer Ingelheim, Teva, and GlaxoSmithKline) and has taken part in asthma clinical trials (GlaxoSmithKline, Schering Plough, Synairgen, Novartis, and Roche / Genentech) for which his institution was remunerated. Salman Siddiqui reports advisory board/advisory services and speaker fees from AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Chiesi, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Mundipharma, ERT medical, Owlstone Medical and received grants from UKRI PHOSP-COVID consortium. Francis Appiagyei, Emma-Jane Roberts, Marije van Melle and Victoria Carter are employees of Optimum Patient Care United Kingdom who funded this study. David Price has advisory board membership with AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Mylan, Novartis, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi Genzyme, Thermofisher; consultancy agreements with Airway Vista Secretariat, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, EPG Communication Holdings Ltd, FIECON Ltd, Fieldwork International, GlaxoSmithKline, Mylan, Mundipharma, Novartis, OM Pharma SA, PeerVoice, Phadia AB, Spirosure Inc, Strategic North Limited, Synapse Research Management Partners S.L., Talos Health Solutions, Theravance and WebMD Global LLC; grants and unrestricted funding for investigator-initiated studies (conducted through Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute Pte Ltd) from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Mylan, Novartis, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Respiratory Effectiveness Group, Sanofi Genzyme, Theravance and UK National Health Service; payment for lectures/speaking engagements from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Cipla, GlaxoSmithKline, Kyorin, Mylan, Mundipharma, Novartis, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals and Sanofi Genzyme; payment for travel/accommodation/meeting expenses from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Mundipharma, Mylan, Novartis, Thermofisher; stock/stock options from AKL Research and Development Ltd which produces phytopharmaceuticals; owns 74% of the social enterprise Optimum Patient Care Ltd (Australia and UK) and 92.61% of Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute Pte Ltd (Singapore); 5% shareholding in Timestamp which develops adherence monitoring technology; is a peer reviewer for grant committees of the UK Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation programme, and Health Technology Assessment; and was an expert witness for GlaxoSmithKline.