About the Authors

Irene V. van Blokland

Contributed equally to this work with: Irene V. van Blokland, Pauline Lanting, Anil P. S. Ori, Judith M. Vonk, Robert C. A. Warmerdam

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Pauline Lanting

Contributed equally to this work with: Irene V. van Blokland, Pauline Lanting, Anil P. S. Ori, Judith M. Vonk, Robert C. A. Warmerdam

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Anil P. S. Ori

Contributed equally to this work with: Irene V. van Blokland, Pauline Lanting, Anil P. S. Ori, Judith M. Vonk, Robert C. A. Warmerdam

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Psychiatry, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Judith M. Vonk

Contributed equally to this work with: Irene V. van Blokland, Pauline Lanting, Anil P. S. Ori, Judith M. Vonk, Robert C. A. Warmerdam

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Robert C. A. Warmerdam

Contributed equally to this work with: Irene V. van Blokland, Pauline Lanting, Anil P. S. Ori, Judith M. Vonk, Robert C. A. Warmerdam

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Johanna C. Herkert

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Floranne Boulogne

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Annique Claringbould

Roles Formal analysis

Affiliations Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Structural Computational Biology unit, EMBL, Heidelberg, Germany

Esteban A. Lopera-Maya

Roles Formal analysis

Affiliation Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Meike Bartels

Roles Data curation, Investigation

Affiliations Department of Biological Psychology, FGB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Jouke-Jan Hottenga

Roles Data curation, Investigation

Affiliation Department of Biological Psychology, FGB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Andrea Ganna

Roles Data curation, Investigation

Affiliation Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

Juha Karjalainen

Roles Data curation, Investigation

Affiliations Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America, Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit (ATGU), Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America

Lifelines COVID-19 cohort study

Membership of the Lifelines COVID-19 cohort study and The COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative is listed in the Acknowledgments.

The COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative

Membership of the Lifelines COVID-19 cohort study and The COVID-19 Host Genetics Initiative is listed in the Acknowledgments.

Caroline Hayward

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Chloe Fawns-Ritchie

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation

Affiliation Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Archie Campbell

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation

Affiliation Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

David Porteous

Roles Data curation, Investigation

Affiliation Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Elizabeth T. Cirulli

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Methodology, Resources, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Helix OpCo LLC, San Mateo, California, United States of America

Kelly M. Schiabor Barrett

Roles Data curation, Investigation

Affiliation Helix OpCo LLC, San Mateo, California, United States of America

Stephen Riffle

Roles Data curation, Investigation

Affiliation Helix OpCo LLC, San Mateo, California, United States of America

Alexandre Bolze

Roles Data curation, Investigation

Affiliation Helix OpCo LLC, San Mateo, California, United States of America

Simon White

Roles Data curation, Investigation

Affiliation Helix OpCo LLC, San Mateo, California, United States of America

Francisco Tanudjaja

Roles Data curation, Investigation

Affiliation Helix OpCo LLC, San Mateo, California, United States of America

Xueqing Wang

Roles Data curation, Investigation

Affiliation Helix OpCo LLC, San Mateo, California, United States of America

Jimmy M. Ramirez III

Roles Resources

Affiliation Helix OpCo LLC, San Mateo, California, United States of America

Yan Wei Lim

Roles Data curation, Investigation

Affiliation Helix OpCo LLC, San Mateo, California, United States of America

James T. Lu

Roles Data curation, Investigation

Affiliation Helix OpCo LLC, San Mateo, California, United States of America

Nicole L. Washington

Roles Data curation, Investigation

Affiliation Helix OpCo LLC, San Mateo, California, United States of America

Eco J. C. de Geus

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Biological Psychology, FGB, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Patrick Deelen

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

H. Marike Boezen

Roles Supervision

‡ These authors are senior authorship on this work.

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Lude H. Franke

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

l.h.franke@umcg.nl

‡ These authors are senior authorship on this work.

Affiliation Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

Competing Interests

The authors have read the journal’s policy and have the following competing interests: ETC, KMSB, SR, AB, SW, FT, XW, JMR, YWL, JTL, and NLW are employees of Helix OpCo, LLC, which is a provider of COVID-19 testing services. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products associated with this research to declare. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.