About the Authors

Bo MacInnis

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

bmacinni@stanford.edu (BM); krosnick@stanford.edu (JAK)

Affiliation Department of Communication, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Joanne M. Miller

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Political Science and International Relations, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America

Jon A. Krosnick

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

bmacinni@stanford.edu (BM); krosnick@stanford.edu (JAK)

Affiliation Department of Communication, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Clifton Below

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation City Councilor, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America

Miriam Lindner

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

Financial support was received from Clifton Below for NH Senate (1 Court ST, Suite 305, Lebanon NH 03766) and from the Committee to Elect Peter Burling (1 Court ST., Suite 305, Lebanon NH 03766). CB is one of the authors. An expert report based on the primaries part of the study was presented to the New Letter to the editor Hampshire Supreme Court, which led the Court to require that the government rotate the order of candidate names on ballots to be fair to all candidates.