About the Authors

Steve Goodacre

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Writing – original draft

s.goodacre@sheffield.ac.uk

Affiliation School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Ben Thomas

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Laura Sutton

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Matthew Burnsall

Roles Formal analysis, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Ellen Lee

Roles Formal analysis, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Mike Bradburn

Roles Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Amanda Loban

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Simon Waterhouse

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Richard Simmonds

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Katie Biggs

Roles Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Carl Marincowitz

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Jose Schutter

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Sarah Connelly

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Elena Sheldon

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Jamie Hall

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Emma Young

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Andrew Bentley

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Intensive Care, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom

Kirsty Challen

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Emergency Department, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Preston, United Kingdom

Chris Fitzsimmons

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Emergency Department, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Tim Harris

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Emergency Department, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Fiona Lecky

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Andrew Lee

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom

Ian Maconochie

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Emergency Department, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom

Darren Walter

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Emergency Department, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form at www.icmje.org/coi_disclosure.pdf and declare: grant funding to their employing institutions from the National Institute for Health Research; no financial relationships with any organisations that might have an interest in the submitted work in the previous three years; no other relationships or activities that could appear to have influenced the submitted work. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.