About the Authors

Claire Guest

Contributed equally to this work with: Claire Guest, Rob Harris, Karen S. Sfanos, Bruce Trock, Rebecca Bader, Jonathan Simons, Howard Soule, Thomas Johnson, Wen-Yee Lee, Stephen Thaler, Andreas Mershin

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

mershin@mit.edu (AM); claire.guest@medicaldetectiondogs.org.uk (CG)

Affiliation Medical Detection Dogs, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom

Rob Harris

Contributed equally to this work with: Claire Guest, Rob Harris, Karen S. Sfanos, Bruce Trock, Rebecca Bader, Jonathan Simons, Howard Soule, Thomas Johnson, Wen-Yee Lee, Stephen Thaler, Andreas Mershin

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Medical Detection Dogs, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom

Karen S. Sfanos

Contributed equally to this work with: Claire Guest, Rob Harris, Karen S. Sfanos, Bruce Trock, Rebecca Bader, Jonathan Simons, Howard Soule, Thomas Johnson, Wen-Yee Lee, Stephen Thaler, Andreas Mershin

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Eva Shrestha

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Alan W. Partin

Roles Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Bruce Trock

Contributed equally to this work with: Claire Guest, Rob Harris, Karen S. Sfanos, Bruce Trock, Rebecca Bader, Jonathan Simons, Howard Soule, Thomas Johnson, Wen-Yee Lee, Stephen Thaler, Andreas Mershin

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Leslie Mangold

Roles Resources, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

Rebecca Bader

Contributed equally to this work with: Claire Guest, Rob Harris, Karen S. Sfanos, Bruce Trock, Rebecca Bader, Jonathan Simons, Howard Soule, Thomas Johnson, Wen-Yee Lee, Stephen Thaler, Andreas Mershin

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Cambridge Polymer Group, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Adam Kozak

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Cambridge Polymer Group, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Scott Mclean

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Cambridge Polymer Group, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Jonathan Simons

Contributed equally to this work with: Claire Guest, Rob Harris, Karen S. Sfanos, Bruce Trock, Rebecca Bader, Jonathan Simons, Howard Soule, Thomas Johnson, Wen-Yee Lee, Stephen Thaler, Andreas Mershin

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Prostate Cancer Foundation, Santa Monica, California, United States of America

Howard Soule

Contributed equally to this work with: Claire Guest, Rob Harris, Karen S. Sfanos, Bruce Trock, Rebecca Bader, Jonathan Simons, Howard Soule, Thomas Johnson, Wen-Yee Lee, Stephen Thaler, Andreas Mershin

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Prostate Cancer Foundation, Santa Monica, California, United States of America

Thomas Johnson

Contributed equally to this work with: Claire Guest, Rob Harris, Karen S. Sfanos, Bruce Trock, Rebecca Bader, Jonathan Simons, Howard Soule, Thomas Johnson, Wen-Yee Lee, Stephen Thaler, Andreas Mershin

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Prostate Cancer Foundation, Santa Monica, California, United States of America

Wen-Yee Lee

Contributed equally to this work with: Claire Guest, Rob Harris, Karen S. Sfanos, Bruce Trock, Rebecca Bader, Jonathan Simons, Howard Soule, Thomas Johnson, Wen-Yee Lee, Stephen Thaler, Andreas Mershin

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America

Qin Gao

Roles Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America

Sophie Aziz

Roles Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Medical Detection Dogs, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom

Patritsia Maria Stathatou

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation The Center for Bits and Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Stephen Thaler

Contributed equally to this work with: Claire Guest, Rob Harris, Karen S. Sfanos, Bruce Trock, Rebecca Bader, Jonathan Simons, Howard Soule, Thomas Johnson, Wen-Yee Lee, Stephen Thaler, Andreas Mershin

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Imagination Engines, St. Charles, Missouri, United States of America

Simmie Foster

Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Andreas Mershin

Contributed equally to this work with: Claire Guest, Rob Harris, Karen S. Sfanos, Bruce Trock, Rebecca Bader, Jonathan Simons, Howard Soule, Thomas Johnson, Wen-Yee Lee, Stephen Thaler, Andreas Mershin

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

mershin@mit.edu (AM); claire.guest@medicaldetectiondogs.org.uk (CG)

Affiliation The Center for Bits and Atoms, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have read the journal’s policy and have the following competing interests: ST is a paid employee of Imagination Engines, Inc. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products associated with this research to declare.