About the Authors

Niloofar Shoari

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation MRC Centre for Environment & Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Majid Ezzati

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations MRC Centre for Environment & Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Abdul Latif Jameel Institute for Disease and Emergency Analytics, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Regional Institute for Population Studies, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana

Jill Baumgartner

Roles Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Institute for Health and Social Policy and Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Diego Malacarne

Roles Visualization

Affiliation MRC Centre for Environment & Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Daniela Fecht

Roles Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

d.fecht@imperial.ac.uk

Affiliation MRC Centre for Environment & Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have read the journal’s policy and have the following competing interests: ME received a charitable grant from the AstraZeneca Young Health Programme and personal fees from Prudential, outside the submitted work. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. There are no patents, products in development or marketed products associated with this research to declare.