About the Authors

Stefan M. Herzog

Contributed equally to this work with: Stefan M. Herzog, Mirjam A. Jenny

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology

herzog@mpib-berlin.mpg.de

‡ These authors share first authorship on this work.

Affiliation Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany

Mirjam A. Jenny

Contributed equally to this work with: Stefan M. Herzog, Mirjam A. Jenny

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft

‡ These authors share first authorship on this work.

Affiliations Science Communication Unit, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany, Harding Center for Risk Literacy, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany, Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany

Christian H. Nickel

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland

Ricardo Nieves Ortega

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland

Roland Bingisser

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Emergency Medicine, Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland

Competing Interests

I have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: The research group at the University of Basel hosts www.medstandards.ch, a decision-support tool that is based on symptoms at emergency presentation. Conflicts of interest Mirjam Annina Jenny Talks or teaching for which I received modest honoraria by the following organizations: • German National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians • Dr. Risch Laboratories (Buchs, Switzerland) • Health Ministry Baden-Württemberg (Germany) • mediX AG(Zurich, Switzerland) • VDE e.V. (Germany) • Geburtshülfliche Gesellschaft zu Hamburg (Obstetrics Association Hamburg) • Landesgesundheitsprojekte e.V. (Germany) • Gesundheitsforen Leipzig GmbH (Germany) • Deutsche Menopause Gesellschaft e.V. (German Menopause Association) • Deutscher Berufsverband für Pflegeberufe (DBfK) Nordwest e.V. (German Nursing Association) • Swiss Rheumatism Symposium • Sana Herzchirurgie Stuttgart GmbH (Germany) The Harding Center (Mirjam Jenny's employer) has received funding from: • AOK Insurance (Germany) • Helsana Insurance (Switzerland) • BKK Viactiv Insurance (Switzerland) • German Football Association • Microsoft Research New Work • David Harding (Winton Philanthropies) • German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment • ERGO Insurances (Germany) • Goethe University of Frankfurt (Germany) • German Ministry for Transport and digital Infrastructure • German Ministry for Justice and Consumer Protection • German Aerospace Center This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.