About the Authors

Tom E. Hardwicke

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Meta-Research Innovation Center Berlin (METRIC-B), QUEST Center for Transforming Biomedical Research, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany

Steven N. Goodman

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Supervision, Writing – original draft

steve.goodman@stanford.edu

Affiliations Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford, CA, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology & Population Health and Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.