About the Authors

Kaushik Ghosh

Contributed equally to this work with: Kaushik Ghosh, Irina Bondarenko, Kassandra L. Messer, Susan T. Stewart, Trivellore Raghunathan, Allison B. Rosen, David M. Cutler

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

ghoshk@nber.org

Affiliation The National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Irina Bondarenko

Contributed equally to this work with: Kaushik Ghosh, Irina Bondarenko, Kassandra L. Messer, Susan T. Stewart, Trivellore Raghunathan, Allison B. Rosen, David M. Cutler

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology

Affiliation Institute for Social Research and Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Kassandra L. Messer

Contributed equally to this work with: Kaushik Ghosh, Irina Bondarenko, Kassandra L. Messer, Susan T. Stewart, Trivellore Raghunathan, Allison B. Rosen, David M. Cutler

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology

Affiliation Institute for Social Research and Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Susan T. Stewart

Contributed equally to this work with: Kaushik Ghosh, Irina Bondarenko, Kassandra L. Messer, Susan T. Stewart, Trivellore Raghunathan, Allison B. Rosen, David M. Cutler

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation The National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Trivellore Raghunathan

Contributed equally to this work with: Kaushik Ghosh, Irina Bondarenko, Kassandra L. Messer, Susan T. Stewart, Trivellore Raghunathan, Allison B. Rosen, David M. Cutler

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

‡ TR, ABR and DMC are joint senior authors.

Affiliation Institute for Social Research and Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America

Allison B. Rosen

Contributed equally to this work with: Kaushik Ghosh, Irina Bondarenko, Kassandra L. Messer, Susan T. Stewart, Trivellore Raghunathan, Allison B. Rosen, David M. Cutler

Roles Data curation, Methodology

‡ TR, ABR and DMC are joint senior authors.

Affiliations The National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America

David M. Cutler

Contributed equally to this work with: Kaushik Ghosh, Irina Bondarenko, Kassandra L. Messer, Susan T. Stewart, Trivellore Raghunathan, Allison B. Rosen, David M. Cutler

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

‡ TR, ABR and DMC are joint senior authors.

Affiliations The National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Economics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.