About the Authors

Kaori Muto

Contributed equally to this work with: Kaori Muto, Isamu Yamamoto

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft

krmt@ims.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Affiliation The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Isamu Yamamoto

Contributed equally to this work with: Kaori Muto, Isamu Yamamoto

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Faculty of Business and Commerce, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan

Miwako Nagasu

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Faculty of Economics, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan

Mikihito Tanaka

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Faculty of Political Science and Economics, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan

Koji Wada

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, International University of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan

Competing Interests

KM is a member of the Expert Meeting on the Control of Novel Coronavirus Infection. TM is a member of the Committee of Crisis Communication of the Science Council of Japan. KW is a member of the MHLW Headquarters for Novel Coronavirus Disease Control. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.