About the Authors

Angela Kelly-Hanku

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

a.kelly@unsw.edu.au

Affiliations Sexual and Reproductive Health Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea, Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Michelle Redman-MacLaren

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

current address: College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia

Affiliation Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Ruthy Boli-Neo

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Sexual and Reproductive Health Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea

Somu Nosi

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Sexual and Reproductive Health Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea

Sophie Ase

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Sexual and Reproductive Health Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea

Herick Aeno

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Sexual and Reproductive Health Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea

Joshua Nembari

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Sexual and Reproductive Health Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea

Angelyn Amos

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

current address: Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, Port Moresby, National Capital District, Papua New Guinea

Affiliation Sexual and Reproductive Health Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea

Josephine Gabuzzi

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Sexual and Reproductive Health Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea

Martha Kupul

Roles Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Sexual and Reproductive Health Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea

Barne Williie

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Sexual and Reproductive Health Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea

Rebecca Narokobi

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Parker Hou

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

current address: UNAIDS, Port Moresby, National Capital District, Papua New Guinea

Affiliation Sexual and Reproductive Health Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea

Simon Pekon

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

current address: New Crest Mining, Lihir Island, New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea

Affiliation Sexual and Reproductive Health Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea

John M. Kaldor

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Steve G. Badman

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Andrew J. Vallely

Roles Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Sexual and Reproductive Health Unit, Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka, Eastern Highlands Province, Papua New Guinea, Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity in Society, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Avi J. Hakim

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Global HIV and TB, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America

Competing Interests

Cardno managed the distribution of the grant in Papua New Guinea. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.