About the Authors

Keisuke Ido

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Ryota Kurogi

Roles Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Ai Kurogi

Roles Investigation, Validation

Affiliation Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Kunihiro Nishimura

Roles Data curation, Software

Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan

Koichi Arimura

Roles Investigation, Supervision

Affiliation Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Ataru Nishimura

Roles Investigation, Supervision

Affiliation Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Nice Ren

Roles Supervision

Affiliation Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Akiko Kada

Roles Data curation, Software

Affiliation Department of Clinical Research Management, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan

Ryu Matsuo

Roles Supervision

Affiliation Department of Health Communication, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Daisuke Onozuka

Roles Supervision

Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan

Akihito Hagihara

Roles Supervision

Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan

So Takagishi

Roles Investigation

Affiliation Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Keitaro Yamagami

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Misa Takegami

Roles Data curation

Affiliation Department of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan

Yasunobu Nohara

Roles Supervision

Affiliation Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan

Naoki Nakashima

Roles Supervision

Affiliation Medical Information Center, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan

Masahiro Kamouchi

Roles Supervision

Affiliation Department of Health Communication, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Isao Date

Roles Supervision

Affiliation Department of Neurological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan

Takanari Kitazono

Roles Supervision

Affiliation Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Koji Iihara

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

kiihara@ns.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp

Affiliation Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

on behalf of the J-ASPECT Study Collaborators

Membership of J-ASPECT Study Collaborators is provided in the Acknowledgments.

Competing Interests

Dr. Iihara reports grants from grants from Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., grants from Kaneka Medix Corporation, grants from Eisai Co., Ltd., grants from Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Co., personal fees from Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., personal fees from Daiichi Sankyo Ltd, outside the submitted work; Dr. Kitazono reports grants from Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Co., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Astellas Pharma Inc., MSD KK., and Shionogi & CO., LTD. Dr. Kamouchi reports personal fe 1 es from Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Ono pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Bayer Yakuhin, Ltd., and Pfizer Co., Ltd.. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.