About the Authors

Suteera Techatanawat

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Current address: Department of General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Watthana, Bangkok, Thailand

Affiliation Ph.D. Program in Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand

Rudee Surarit

Roles Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand

Kongthawat Chairatvit

Roles Supervision

Affiliation Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand

Weerapan Khovidhunkit

Roles Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand

Sittiruk Roytrakul

Roles Supervision

Affiliation National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, Thailand

Supanee Thanakun

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations College of Dental Medicine, Rangsit University, Muang Pathum Thani, Pathum Thani, Thailand, Oral Diagnosis and Oral Medicine Clinic, Dental Hospital, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand

Hiroaki Kobayashi

Roles Resources, Supervision

Affiliation Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan

Siribang-on Piboonniyom Khovidhunkit

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

siribangon.pib@mahidol.edu

Affiliation Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand

Yuichi Izumi

Roles Resources, Supervision

Affiliations Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan, Oral Care Perio Center, Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Southern Tohoku Research Institute for Neuroscience, Koriyama, Fukushima, Japan

Competing Interests

This study was supported primarily by a grant to S. Techatanawat and S.P. Khovidhunkit from the Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program (Grant No. PHD/45/2556), and the funder had no role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials, as all data and protocols underlying this study are shared, and the funding organization does not declare any bias towards particular study outcomes.