About the Authors

Xi Liu

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Geography, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America

Clio Andris

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Geography, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America

Bruce A. Desmarais

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

bdesmarais@psu.edu

Affiliation Department of Political Science, The Institute for CyberScience, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.