About the Authors

Lotta Hallamaa

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Software, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

lotta.hallamaa@tuni.fi

Affiliation Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland

Yin Bun Cheung

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore

Mari Luntamo

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland

Ulla Ashorn

Roles Investigation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland

Teija Kulmala

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland

Charles Mangani

Roles Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Public Health, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi

Per Ashorn

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Center for Child Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland, Department of Paediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland

Competing Interests

LH reports a grant from Office of Health, Infectious Diseases, and Nutrition, Bureau for Global Health, United States Agency for International Development (USAID), through the Food and Nutrition Technical Assistance III Project (FANTA), managed by FHI 360, during the conduct of the study. Other authors declare no competing interests. Azithromycin and its placebo used in the study were provided free of charge by Pfizer Inc (New York), which had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.