About the Authors

Raina M. Merchant

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

raina.merchant@uphs.upenn.edu

Affiliations Penn Medicine Center for Digital Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Penn Medicine Center for Health Care Innovation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

David A. Asch

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Penn Medicine Center for Digital Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Penn Medicine Center for Health Care Innovation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, The Center for Health Equity Research and Promotion—Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Patrick Crutchley

Roles Formal analysis, Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Penn Medicine Center for Digital Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Positive Psychology Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Lyle H. Ungar

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Resources, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Penn Medicine Center for Digital Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Positive Psychology Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Sharath C. Guntuku

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Penn Medicine Center for Digital Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Emergency Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Penn Medicine Center for Health Care Innovation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Johannes C. Eichstaedt

Roles Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Positive Psychology Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Shawndra Hill

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Penn Medicine Center for Digital Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Microsoft Research, New York, New York, United States of America

Kevin Padrez

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Penn Medicine Center for Digital Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Robert J. Smith

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Project administration, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Penn Medicine Center for Digital Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

H. Andrew Schwartz

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Resources, Validation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Penn Medicine Center for Digital Health, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Positive Psychology Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Computer Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America

Competing Interests

Regarding the commercial affiliation of author SH with Microsoft: This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.