About the Authors

Steven R. Corman

Contributed equally to this work with: Steven R. Corman, Bradley J. Adame, Jiun-Yi Tsai, Scott W. Ruston

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

steve.corman@asu.edu

Affiliation Center for Strategic Communication, Hugh Downs School of Human Communication, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America

Bradley J. Adame

Contributed equally to this work with: Steven R. Corman, Bradley J. Adame, Jiun-Yi Tsai, Scott W. Ruston

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Center for Strategic Communication, Hugh Downs School of Human Communication, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America

Jiun-Yi Tsai

Contributed equally to this work with: Steven R. Corman, Bradley J. Adame, Jiun-Yi Tsai, Scott W. Ruston

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Center for Strategic Communication, Hugh Downs School of Human Communication, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America, School of Communication, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

Scott W. Ruston

Contributed equally to this work with: Steven R. Corman, Bradley J. Adame, Jiun-Yi Tsai, Scott W. Ruston

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Center for Strategic Communication, Hugh Downs School of Human Communication, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America, Global Security Initiative, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America

Joshua S. Beaumont

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliations College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America, Sun Devil Athletics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America

Jessica K. Kamrath

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Human Communication Studies, California State University at Fullerton, Fullerton, California, United States of America

Yanqin Liu

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Center for Strategic Communication, Hugh Downs School of Human Communication, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America

Karlee A. Posteher

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Validation, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation College of Business, California State University Monterey Bay, Seaside, California, United States of America

Rikki Tremblay

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Center for Strategic Communication, Hugh Downs School of Human Communication, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America

Lisa J. van Raalte

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing

‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

Affiliation Department of Communication Studies, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.