About the Authors

Maria Carmina Pau

Contributed equally to this work with: Maria Carmina Pau, Antonella Pantaleo

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy

Antonella Pantaleo

Contributed equally to this work with: Maria Carmina Pau, Antonella Pantaleo

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

apantaleo@uniss.it

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy

Ioannis Tsamesidis

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy

Ha Hoang

Roles Formal analysis

Affiliation Duy Tan University, Danang, Vietnam

Anh Tuan Tran

Roles Formal analysis

Affiliation Huong Hoa District Health Center, Quang Tri, Vietnam

Thi Lien Hanh Nguyen

Roles Data curation

Affiliation Quy Nhon Institute of Malaria, Parasitology and Entomology, Quy Nhon, Vietnam

Thi Hang Giang Phan

Roles Formal analysis

Affiliation Department of Immunology and Pathophysiology, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam

Phuong Anh Ton Nu

Roles Formal analysis

Affiliation Department of Parasitology, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam

Thi Minh Chau Ngo

Roles Formal analysis

Affiliation Department of Parasitology, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam

Giuseppe Marchetti

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Visualization

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy

Evelin Schwarzer

Roles Validation, Visualization

Affiliation Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy

Pier Luigi Fiori

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy

Philip S. Low

Roles Funding acquisition, Visualization

Affiliation Purdue Center for Drug Discovery and Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America

Chien Dinh Huynh

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation VINMEC Heath Care System; Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, Vietnam

Francesco Michelangelo Turrini

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy

Competing Interests

The study was funded (in part) by research funding by a grant from Hulow Company (USA). This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and material.