About the Authors

Steven P. Dehmer

Contributed equally to this work with: Steven P. Dehmer, Philip G. Pardey

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America

Philip G. Pardey

Contributed equally to this work with: Steven P. Dehmer, Philip G. Pardey

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

ppardey@umn.edu

Affiliation Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, United States of America

Jason M. Beddow

† Deceased.

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Writing – original draft

‡ This author also made substantive contributions to this work.

Affiliation Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, United States of America

Yuan Chai

Roles Formal analysis, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.