About the Authors

Daniele Ramazzotti

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America

Peter Clardy

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Departments of Medicine and Medical Education, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Mount Auburn Hospital, Cambridge, MA, United States of America, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America

Leo Anthony Celi

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

lceli@mit.edu

Affiliation Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America

David J. Stone

Roles Conceptualization, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Departments of Anesthesiology and Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America

Robert S. Rudin

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation RAND Corporation, Boston, MA, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.