About the Authors

Susan P. Sparkes

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

sps187@mail.harvard.edu

Current address: Department of Health Systems Governance and Financing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland

Affiliation Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America

Rifat Atun

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America

Till Bӓrnighausen

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America, Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

Competing Interests

Rifat Atun has acted as an adviser and a consultant to the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey, including in the Health Transformation Program, and has undertaken consulting assignments in Turkey for the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey, WHO, and the World Bank. Susan Sparkes has acted as a consultant to the World Bank, and in that capacity worked with the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Turkey to draft a report on the political economy of the Health Transformation Program. The researchers did not receive funding for this study. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.