About the Authors

Sarah Benson

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

Brian Tiplady

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Mobile Cognition, Edinburgh, United Kingdom

Andrew Scholey

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

andrew@scholeylab.com

Affiliation Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

Competing Interests

Red Bull GmB provided energy drinks and placebos for this study. The company had no input into the design, conduct or interpretation of the study nor this manuscript. SB has received research and travel funding from Red Bull GmB. BT owns shares in AstraZeneca. He is an employee of eResearch Technology Ltd (ERT), clinical research service provider, and owner, director and employee of Mobile Cognition Ltd, provider of cognitive testing solutions. ERT and Mobile Cognition provided support in the form of salary for author BT, but did not have any additional role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. AS has received research funding, travel costs and consultancy from the food, supplement and pharmaceutical industry (Abbott Nutrition, Arla Foods, Australian Wine Research Institute, Barilla, Bayer, Blackmores, Cognis, Cyvex, Dairy Health Innovation Consortium, Danone, DuPont, GlaxoSmithKline, Ginsana, Kemin Foods, Martek, Masterfoods, Naturex, Nestlé, Neurobrands, Novartis, Nutricia-Danone, Red Bull, Sanofi, Sen-Jam Pharmaceuticals, Verdure Sciences, Unilever, Wrigley Science Institute), and from Energy Drink manufacturers (Red Bull GmB and GlaxoSmithKline). There are no other patents, products in development or marketed products to declare. This does not alter our adherence to all the PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.