About the Authors

Tom E. Hardwicke

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

tom.hardwicke@stanford.edu

Affiliation Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

John P. A. Ioannidis

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, Departments of Medicine, of Health Research and Policy, of Biomedical Data Science, and of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.