About the Authors

Elisabetta Caselli

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

csb@unife.it

Affiliations Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy, CIAS Interdepartmental Research Centre, Departments of Medical Sciences and Architecture, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

Silvio Brusaferro

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy

Maddalena Coccagna

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation CIAS Interdepartmental Research Centre, Departments of Medical Sciences and Architecture, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

Luca Arnoldo

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Software, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy

Filippo Berloco

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Roma, Italy

Paola Antonioli

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Infection Prevention Control and Risk Management, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy

Rosanna Tarricone

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management (CERGAS), Department of Policy Analysis and Public Management, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy

Gabriele Pelissero

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy

Silvano Nola

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Azienda USL di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

Vincenza La Fauci

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Sciences and Dental and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

Alessandro Conte

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy

Lorenzo Tognon

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Ospedale di Santa Maria del Prato, Feltre (Belluno), Italy

Giovanni Villone

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di Foggia, Foggia, Italy

Nelso Trua

Roles Data curation, Investigation, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Ospedale Sant’Antonio Abate, Tolmezzo (Udine), Italy

Sante Mazzacane

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation CIAS Interdepartmental Research Centre, Departments of Medical Sciences and Architecture, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy

for the SAN-ICA Study Group

The complete membership of the author group can be found in the Acknowledgements

Affiliations Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy, CIAS Interdepartmental Research Centre, Departments of Medical Sciences and Architecture, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Roma, Italy, Department of Infection Prevention Control and Risk Management, S. Anna University Hospital, Ferrara, Italy, Centre for Research on Health and Social Care Management (CERGAS), Department of Policy Analysis and Public Management, Bocconi University, Milan, Italy, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, Azienda USL di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Dental and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy, Ospedale di Santa Maria del Prato, Feltre (Belluno), Italy, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti di Foggia, Foggia, Italy, Ospedale Sant’Antonio Abate, Tolmezzo (Udine), Italy

Competing Interests

The authors declare that they received unrestricted funds by Copma scrl (Ferrara, Italy), but the funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. This does not alter the authors' adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.