About the Authors

Ichiro Sasaki

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Department of Healthcare Economics and Quality Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Katsunori Kondo

Roles Data curation, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan, Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan

Naoki Kondo

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Health and Social Behavior, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Jun Aida

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of International and Community Oral Health, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan

Hiroshi Ichikawa

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Medical Life Systems, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan

Takashi Kusumi

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Cognitive Psychology in Education, Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Naoya Sueishi

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Graduate School of Economics, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan

Yuichi Imanaka

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Software, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

imanaka-y@umin.net

Affiliation Department of Healthcare Economics and Quality Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.