About the Authors

Jonathan Lai

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Validation, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Imperial College London, Centre for Fetal Care, Queen Charlotte’s and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom

Richard Woodward

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Yuriy Alexandrov

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Software, Visualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Qurratul ain Munnee

Roles Investigation, Methodology

Affiliations Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom, Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Christoph C. Lees

Roles Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Imperial College London, Centre for Fetal Care, Queen Charlotte’s and Chelsea Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare National Health Service Trust, London, United Kingdom, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

Ravi Vaidyanathan

Contributed equally to this work with: Ravi Vaidyanathan, Niamh C. Nowlan

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Resources, Software, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Niamh C. Nowlan

Contributed equally to this work with: Ravi Vaidyanathan, Niamh C. Nowlan

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

n.nowlan@imperial.ac.uk

Affiliation Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

NCN, RV and RW are inventors on the patent which underlies the sensor system technology (US Patent Application 15/034,165). We confirm that this commercial affiliation does not alter adherence to all PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.