About the Authors

Julian C. Hong

Roles Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Software, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America

Diandra N. Ayala-Peacock

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America

Jason Lee

Roles Conceptualization, Investigation, Project administration, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Memorial & St. Elizabeth’s Cancer Treatment Center, Swansea, IL, United States of America

A. William Blackstock

Roles Conceptualization, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America

Paul Okunieff

Roles Conceptualization, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America

Max W. Sung

Roles Conceptualization, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America

Ralph R. Weichselbaum

Roles Conceptualization, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America

Johnny Kao

Roles Conceptualization, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Radiation Oncology, Good Samaritan Hospital Medical Center, West Islip, NY, United States of America

James J. Urbanic

Roles Conceptualization, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America

Michael T. Milano

Roles Conceptualization, Project administration, Resources, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States of America

Steven J. Chmura

Contributed equally to this work with: Steven J. Chmura, Joseph K. Salama

Roles Conceptualization, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America

Joseph K. Salama

Contributed equally to this work with: Steven J. Chmura, Joseph K. Salama

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

joseph.salama@duke.edu

Affiliation Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America

Competing Interests

Sources of funding for the various trial data incorporated into this study include: The Mount Sinai study was funded in part by Pfizer (www.pfizer.com) The University of Rochester study was funded in part by Brain-Lab AG (www.brainlab.com) Ludwig Center for Metastasis Research, University of Chicago Research Center. Grant Number: 5-30,073 The Chicago Tumor Institute Center for Radiation Therapy University of Chicago Comprehensive Cancer Center. Grant Number: P30 CA14599. This specific analysis did not have a funding source. The funders of the prospective studies had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies. Additionally, Dr. Chmura and Milano disclose royalties from UpToDate which are not related to the current study.