About the Authors

Jing Zhou

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations NanoSystems Biology Cancer Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America

Michael T. Bethune

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations NanoSystems Biology Cancer Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America

Natalia Malkova

Roles Investigation, Methodology, Writing – original draft

Affiliation Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America

Alexander M. Sutherland

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology

Affiliations NanoSystems Biology Cancer Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America

Begonya Comin-Anduix

Roles Formal analysis, Investigation

Affiliation David Geffen School of Medicine, the Johnson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Yapeng Su

Roles Investigation

Affiliations NanoSystems Biology Cancer Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America

David Baltimore

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations NanoSystems Biology Cancer Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America

Antoni Ribas

Roles Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations NanoSystems Biology Cancer Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America, David Geffen School of Medicine, the Johnson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

James R. Heath

Roles Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Project administration, Resources, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

heath@caltech.edu

Affiliations NanoSystems Biology Cancer Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

DB, AR, and JRH are founders and stockholders of PACT Therapeutics. JRH and AR are board members of PACT, and MTB is a stockholder in PACT. PACT is a company seeking to commercialize certain Adoptive Cell Therapies for Cancer Immunotherapy. JRH is a founder, stockholder, and board member of Isoplexis, and AR is a stockholder and Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) member of Isoplexis. Isoplexis is seeking to commercialize the Single Cell Barcode Chip technology. This does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.