About the Authors

Brian B. Boutwell

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – original draft

brian.boutwell@slu.edu

Affiliations School of Social Work, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Erik J. Nelson

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University – Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America

Zhengmin Qian

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Michael G. Vaughn

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Social Work, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

John P. Wright

Roles Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America, Center for Social and Humanities Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Kevin M. Beaver

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Center for Social and Humanities Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America

J. C. Barnes

Roles Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America

Melissa Petkovsek

Roles Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Criminal Justice, University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, Missouri, United States of America

Roger Lewis

Roles Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Mario Schootman

Roles Conceptualization, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Richard Rosenfeld

Roles Data curation, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.