About the Authors

Zhidong Bai

Roles Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Project administration, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation KLASMOE and School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China

Yongchang Hui

Roles Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Software, Supervision, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

huiyc180@xjtu.edu.cn

Affiliation School of Mathematics and Statistics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China

Dandan Jiang

Roles Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology, Software, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation School of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun, China

Zhihui Lv

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Software

Affiliation KLASMOE and School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China

Wing-Keung Wong

Roles Formal analysis, Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliations Department of Finance, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, Department of Economics, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, China

Shurong Zheng

Roles Methodology, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing

Affiliation KLASMOE and School of Mathematics and Statistics, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.